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Home The Civil War, 1642-1645 1642-1645; Part 3 |
1642-1645; Part 3In the second year of the war (1643) the King designed triple advance upon London. Lord Newcastle (Newcastle once spent ;£20,000 in entertaining James I at Welbeck, Ben Jonson w ing the masques on that occasion. Subsequently he became tutor to the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II)), after subduing the north, was to march south; Hopton, after subduing the south-west, was to advance east; Charles was to keep Essex employed, and advance upon London when the others were ready. In the spring and summer the outlook was black for Parliament Newcastle won Atherton Moor (June 1), and in consequence secured a large part of Yorkshire. In the west Bristol was taken by Rupert and Hopton utterly defeated Waller, the rising general on the side of Parliament, at Roundaway Down in July. It was this battle which led Pym to begin serious negotiations with the Scots for the loan of an army, and which caused the few members of the House of Lords left in London to propose to the House of Commons that most abject terms of peace should be made with the: King-terms only rejected in the House of Commons by seven votes. In the centre, meanwhile, the King had lost Reading, but the Parliamentarians had been beaten in a skirmish at Cha/grove, near Oxford, a skirmish in which Hampden was killed.In September, 1643, however, the tide turned. " Hull and Plymouth'', it has been said, "saved the Parliamentary cause. Newcastle's Northerners with Hull untaken refused to advance south, as they feared to leave their homes and property at the mercy of their foes in that town. Hopton, though he continued to advance east, found his army dwindling away because his Westerners had similar fears with regard to Plymouth. Meanwhile Charles, unable to advance on London unsupported, had advanced to besiege Gloucester early in August, and in September Essex successfully relieved it. Charles, however, intercepted the army of Essex on its return journey at Newbury, but he failed after an indecisive battle, to prevent the return of Essex to London. In the battle Lord Falkland, one of the noblest figures the war, was killed. In October, Hull, which Newcastle had besieged, was relieved as the result of a battle at Winceby, in which Cromwell, the future leader of the Puritans, was conspicuous. Only in the south did Hopton continue his victorious advance. |
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