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Home A Period of Foreign Wars, 1689-1714 Part 10 |
Part 10After long negotiations with France-so tortuous on the part of the Tory Government that they form, it has been said, one of the most shameful pages in our history-a series of treaties was at last signed at Utrecht in 1713 (Treaties were signed between France, Spain, Holland, and England at Utrecht in 1713 but the treaty between France and Austria was made in the following year at Rastadt). By these treaties Philip kept Spain and the New World, but was excluded from the succession to the French throne. The Emperor Charles was given the Spanish dominions in Italy and the Netherlands, The Dutch were allowed to garrison the Barrier Fortresses. With regard to Great Britain, the Protestant succession was recognized. She obtained from France New foundland (leaving to the French certain fishing rights which were the cause later of many difficulties) and Nova Scotia, and from Spain Gibraltar and Minorca, thereby establishing her position in that sea which has been called the "keyboard" of Europe. Spain also gave to Great Britain the monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America-not then regarded as either inhuman or wicked-and the right to send one ship a year to Porto Bello in the Spanish Main.Great Britain had therefore gained her original objects in going to war. She had made, moreover, very important additions to her Empire; and there is some truth, if also some exaggeration, in the verdict of an historian that if at the Armada England entered the race for colonial expansion, she won it at the Treaty of Utrecht. Englishmen must remember, however, to their shame that the people of Catalonia, who had fought stanchly and bravely for the Allies throughout the war, were left to the vengeance of Philip-and a terrible vengeance it proved to be. |
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